M Chart

M Chart

Charts

M Chart supports 19 different chart types. You can find examples of each of them below.

Every chart type

Line

Cucumber yield by top producer country, 2014-2023: Source: FAOSTAT – greenhouse-heavy Spain crushes open-field producers per hectare
Cucumber yield by top producer country, 2014-2023: Source: FAOSTAT – greenhouse-heavy Spain crushes open-field producers per hectare

Line chart. Source: FAOSTAT – greenhouse-heavy Spain crushes open-field producers per hectare. Data table with 5 rows and 11 columns follows.

Cucumber yield by top producer country, 2014-2023
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Spain 67 69 71 73 76 78 80 82 85 87
China 49 50 52 54 55 57 58 59 60 61
United States 29 30 28 31 30 32 31 30 32 33
Russia 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 13 14 14

A classic line chart for trends over a sequence.

Spline

Per-capita kimchi consumption in Korea: Source: KNHANES / KOSIS – grams per person per day, intermediate years interpolated
Per-capita kimchi consumption in Korea: Source: KNHANES / KOSIS – grams per person per day, intermediate years interpolated

Spline chart. Source: KNHANES / KOSIS – grams per person per day, intermediate years interpolated. Data table with 8 rows and 2 columns follows.

Per-capita kimchi consumption in Korea
2005 100
2008 92
2010 87
2013 80
2015 72
2017 70
2020 65
2023 60

A smoothed line chart with curved segments.

Area

South Korean kimchi exports: Source: KITA – 2017-2023 anchors firm, interim years interpolated
South Korean kimchi exports: Source: KITA – 2017-2023 anchors firm, interim years interpolated

Area chart. Source: KITA – 2017-2023 anchors firm, interim years interpolated. Data table with 7 rows and 2 columns follows.

South Korean kimchi exports
2017 85,000,000
2018 97,000,000
2019 99,000,000
2020 133,000,000
2021 141,000,000
2022 141,000,000
2023 156,000,000

A line chart with the area below filled.

Column

Top cucumber-producing countries (2022): Source: FAOSTAT (2022) – China produces ~81% of global cucumbers
Top cucumber-producing countries (2022): Source: FAOSTAT (2022) – China produces ~81% of global cucumbers

Column chart. Source: FAOSTAT (2022) – China produces ~81% of global cucumbers. Data table with 10 rows and 2 columns follows.

Top cucumber-producing countries (2022)
China 77,260,000
Turkey 1,940,000
Russia 1,640,000
Mexico 1,080,000
Uzbekistan 900,000
Ukraine 830,000
Spain 770,000
United States 600,000
Kazakhstan 570,000
Japan 550,000

Vertical bars for comparing values.

Stacked Column

Korean kimchi exports by destination: Source: KITA – figures in M USD, 2018-2023
Korean kimchi exports by destination: Source: KITA – figures in M USD, 2018-2023

Stacked Column chart. Source: KITA – figures in M USD, 2018-2023. Data table with 7 rows and 6 columns follows.

Korean kimchi exports by destination
Japan United States Netherlands Australia Others
2018 50,000,000 15,000,000 8,000,000 4,000,000 20,000,000
2019 51,000,000 16,000,000 8,000,000 4,000,000 20,000,000
2020 66,000,000 25,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 27,000,000
2021 63,000,000 30,000,000 11,000,000 6,000,000 31,000,000
2022 61,000,000 30,000,000 12,000,000 6,000,000 32,000,000
2023 60,000,000 40,000,000 14,000,000 7,000,000 35,000,000

Vertical bars stacked to show composition.

Bar

Sodium content of signature pickles: Source: USDA FoodData Central – per-100g typical values, rounded to nearest 10mg
Sodium content of signature pickles: Source: USDA FoodData Central – per-100g typical values, rounded to nearest 10mg

Bar chart. Source: USDA FoodData Central – per-100g typical values, rounded to nearest 10mg. Data table with 10 rows and 2 columns follows.

Sodium content of signature pickles
Zha cai (Chinese pickled mustard) 3,700
Gari (Japanese pickled ginger) 1,300
Dill pickle (US) 1,100
Olives (table) 730
Sauerkraut (German-style) 660
Sweet gherkin (UK) 570
Đồ chua (Vietnamese pickled daikon) 600
Kimchi (Korean) 500
Bread-and-butter pickle (US) 470
Sweet pickle (US) 460

Horizontal bars, great for long labels.

Stacked Bar

US pickle product mix by retail brand: Source: Grand View Research + Mordor Intelligence – per-brand attribution representative
US pickle product mix by retail brand: Source: Grand View Research + Mordor Intelligence – per-brand attribution representative

Stacked Bar chart. Source: Grand View Research + Mordor Intelligence – per-brand attribution representative. Data table with 6 rows and 7 columns follows.

US pickle product mix by retail brand
Dill Sweet Bread & Butter Sour Gherkin Kosher
Vlasic 35 20 20 10 10 5
Mt. Olive 30 25 20 10 10 5
Claussen 50 10 10 10 10 10
Bay Valley 35 20 25 5 10 5
Best Maid 25 30 25 10 5 5

Horizontal bars stacked to show composition.

Pie

Chinese preserved-vegetable industry by category: Source: combined Chinese industry reports – output value in CNY billions, 2018-2020
Chinese preserved-vegetable industry by category: Source: combined Chinese industry reports – output value in CNY billions, 2018-2020

Pie chart. Source: combined Chinese industry reports – output value in CNY billions, 2018-2020. Data table with 6 rows and 2 columns follows.

Chinese preserved-vegetable industry by category
Sichuan pao cai (泡菜) 33 B CNY
Other regional pao cai 14 B CNY
Other pickled vegetables 10 B CNY
Fuling zha cai (榨菜) 9 B CNY
Northeast suan cai (酸菜) 8 B CNY
Mei cai & preserved mustard 5 B CNY

Proportions of a whole as slices.

Doughnut

Kimchi varieties by share of consumption: Source: WiKim & KNHANES – baechu is ~70% of marketed kimchi
Kimchi varieties by share of consumption: Source: WiKim & KNHANES – baechu is ~70% of marketed kimchi

Doughnut chart. Source: WiKim & KNHANES – baechu is ~70% of marketed kimchi. Data table with 6 rows and 2 columns follows.

Kimchi varieties by share of consumption
Baechu (napa cabbage) 70%
Kkakdugi (cubed radish) 15%
Chonggak (ponytail radish) 5%
Oi-sobagi (stuffed cucumber) 3%
Yeolmu (young radish) 3%
Other (pa, gat, dongchimi, etc.) 4%

A pie with an open center.

Scatter

Fermentation time vs final pH (4 pickle types): Source: multiple fermentation studies – curves synthesized from per-study trajectories
Fermentation time vs final pH (4 pickle types): Source: multiple fermentation studies – curves synthesized from per-study trajectories

Scatter chart. Source: multiple fermentation studies – curves synthesized from per-study trajectories. 4 data tables follow.

Fermentation time vs final pH (4 pickle types): Kimchi (15°C)
Days pH
Day 0 0 5.6
Day 1 1 5.4
Day 3 3 4.7
Day 5 5 4.4
Day 7 7 4.3
Day 14 14 3.9
Day 21 21 3.85
Fermentation time vs final pH (4 pickle types): Sauerkraut
Days pH
Day 0 0 6.2
Day 2 2 5.5
Day 5 5 4.2
Day 10 10 3.6
Day 14 14 3.4
Day 21 21 3.3
Fermentation time vs final pH (4 pickle types): Dill pickle (lacto)
Days pH
Day 0 0 5.5
Day 1 1 5
Day 3 3 4
Day 5 5 3.6
Day 7 7 3.5
Day 14 14 3.3
Fermentation time vs final pH (4 pickle types): Pao cai (Sichuan)
Days pH
Day 0 0 5.4
Day 1 1 4.9
Day 3 3 4.1
Day 5 5 3.9
Day 7 7 3.8
Day 14 14 3.7

Individual X/Y points to show distribution.

Bubble

Cucumber consumption × production × exports: Source: FAOSTAT + UN Comtrade – bubble radius = export volume
Cucumber consumption × production × exports: Source: FAOSTAT + UN Comtrade – bubble radius = export volume

Bubble chart. Source: FAOSTAT + UN Comtrade – bubble radius = export volume. Data table with 9 rows and 4 columns follows.

Cucumber consumption × production × exports
Consumption Production Export volume
China 55 55 80
Turkey 32 23 100
Russia 12 11 5
Mexico 8 8 500
Spain 15 16 200
Iran 26 26 10
Ukraine 18 36 30
US 1.8 1.8 30

Scatter points sized by a third value.

Radar

Flavor profile of 5 globally distinct pickles: Source: published sensory profiles – 1-10 ratings calibrated from cited descriptions
Flavor profile of 5 globally distinct pickles: Source: published sensory profiles – 1-10 ratings calibrated from cited descriptions

Radar chart. Source: published sensory profiles – 1-10 ratings calibrated from cited descriptions. 5 data tables follow.

Flavor profile of 5 globally distinct pickles: Dill pickle (US)
Sour 7
Salty 7
Sweet 2
Umami 3
Spicy 1
Crunchy 8
Flavor profile of 5 globally distinct pickles: Kimchi (Korea)
Sour 7
Salty 7
Sweet 2
Umami 8
Spicy 8
Crunchy 6
Flavor profile of 5 globally distinct pickles: Pao cai (China)
Sour 8
Salty 6
Sweet 3
Umami 5
Spicy 7
Crunchy 7
Flavor profile of 5 globally distinct pickles: Tsukemono (Japan)
Sour 5
Salty 6
Sweet 4
Umami 6
Spicy 1
Crunchy 5
Flavor profile of 5 globally distinct pickles: Achaar (India)
Sour 6
Salty 7
Sweet 3
Umami 4
Spicy 9
Crunchy 4

Multivariate data on radial axes.

Radar Area

Nutritional profile (4 pickle types): Source: USDA FoodData Central – per-axis normalized to 0-100 for comparability
Nutritional profile (4 pickle types): Source: USDA FoodData Central – per-axis normalized to 0-100 for comparability

Radar Area chart. Source: USDA FoodData Central – per-axis normalized to 0-100 for comparability. 4 data tables follow.

Nutritional profile (4 pickle types): Dill pickle
Sodium 30
Vitamin K 89
Vitamin C 6
Fiber 38
Calcium 31
Nutritional profile (4 pickle types): Kimchi
Sodium 13
Vitamin K 38
Vitamin C 100
Fiber 75
Calcium 67
Nutritional profile (4 pickle types): Sauerkraut
Sodium 18
Vitamin K 16
Vitamin C 83
Fiber 91
Calcium 40
Nutritional profile (4 pickle types): Zha cai
Sodium 100
Vitamin K 100
Vitamin C 17
Fiber 100
Calcium 100

A radar chart with filled areas.

Polar

Google Trends interest in “pickling” (US): Source: Google Trends – relative-interest index (0-100), peak month = 100
Google Trends interest in “pickling” (US): Source: Google Trends – relative-interest index (0-100), peak month = 100

Polar chart. Source: Google Trends – relative-interest index (0-100), peak month = 100. Data table with 12 rows and 2 columns follows.

Google Trends interest in “pickling” (US)
Jan 30%
Feb 25%
Mar 25%
Apr 30%
May 40%
Jun 60%
Jul 80%
Aug 95%
Sep 100%
Oct 70%
Nov 50%
Dec 35%

Radial segments sized by value.

Treemap

Top table olive producers by region (2022/23): Source: IOC – 2022/23 crop year, Mediterranean basin dominates global table olive production
Top table olive producers by region (2022/23): Source: IOC – 2022/23 crop year, Mediterranean basin dominates global table olive production

Treemap chart. Source: IOC – 2022/23 crop year, Mediterranean basin dominates global table olive production. Data table with 12 rows and 3 columns follows.

Top table olive producers by region (2022/23)
Country Production
Mediterranean Turkey 750,000 Tonnes
Mediterranean Egypt 690,000 Tonnes
Mediterranean Spain 540,000 Tonnes
Mediterranean Algeria 280,000 Tonnes
Mediterranean Greece 200,000 Tonnes
Mediterranean Morocco 110,000 Tonnes
Mediterranean Syria 100,000 Tonnes
Mediterranean Italy 70,000 Tonnes
Americas Argentina 150,000 Tonnes
Americas Peru 100,000 Tonnes
Americas United States 100,000 Tonnes

Nested rectangles sized by value.

Boxplot

Finished pH across 5 commercial pickle types: Source: USDA FoodData Central + FDA pH reference – 10 brand samples per category
Finished pH across 5 commercial pickle types: Source: USDA FoodData Central + FDA pH reference – 10 brand samples per category

Boxplot chart. Source: USDA FoodData Central + FDA pH reference – 10 brand samples per category. Data table with 5 rows and 11 columns follows.

Finished pH across 5 commercial pickle types
Dill pickle 3.4 3.48 3.55 3.6 3.65 3.7 3.75 3.82 3.9 4
Bread-and-butter 3.05 3.1 3.15 3.2 3.25 3.3 3.35 3.42 3.5 3.6
Sauerkraut 3.35 3.42 3.5 3.58 3.65 3.72 3.78 3.82 3.88 3.95
Kimchi 3.85 3.95 4.05 4.1 4.18 4.25 4.32 4.4 4.5 4.65
Pao cai (Sichuan) 3.45 3.55 3.6 3.65 3.72 3.78 3.85 3.92 4 4.1

Distribution with quartiles and whiskers.

Violin

Sodium content across commercial pickle brands: Source: USDA FoodData Central – 10 brands sampled per type from Branded Foods
Sodium content across commercial pickle brands: Source: USDA FoodData Central – 10 brands sampled per type from Branded Foods

Violin chart. Source: USDA FoodData Central – 10 brands sampled per type from Branded Foods. Data table with 4 rows and 11 columns follows.

Sodium content across commercial pickle brands
Dill pickle 950 980 1,050 1,100 1,150 1,180 1,210 1,250 1,300 1,350
Sweet pickle 380 410 440 460 470 490 510 540 580 620
Kimchi 380 420 450 470 490 500 520 560 600 650
Sauerkraut 500 550 580 620 660 680 710 740 780 820

Distribution shape with density.

Venn

Pickling-crop production overlap (FAOSTAT top 8): Countries in each crop's FAOSTAT top-8 producer list – cucumbers and chillies 2023, cabbages 2022
Pickling-crop production overlap (FAOSTAT top 8): Countries in each crop's FAOSTAT top-8 producer list – cucumbers and chillies 2023, cabbages 2022

Venn chart. Countries in each crop's FAOSTAT top-8 producer list – cucumbers and chillies 2023, cabbages 2022. Data table with 7 rows and 2 columns follows.

Pickling-crop production overlap (FAOSTAT top 8)
Cucumbers 2
Cabbages 4
Chillies 3
Cucumbers & Cabbages 2
Cucumbers & Chillies 3
Cabbages & Chillies 1
Cucumbers & Cabbages & Chillies 1

Overlapping sets with counts for each region.

Euler

Shared ingredients: kimchi, dill pickles, sauerkraut: Traditional core ingredients – napa and green cabbage both counted as cabbage, water and optional spices excluded
Shared ingredients: kimchi, dill pickles, sauerkraut: Traditional core ingredients – napa and green cabbage both counted as cabbage, water and optional spices excluded

Euler chart. Traditional core ingredients – napa and green cabbage both counted as cabbage, water and optional spices excluded. Data table with 3 rows and 8 columns follows.

Shared ingredients: kimchi, dill pickles, sauerkraut
Kimchi Cabbage Salt Garlic Ginger Chili flakes
Dill pickles Scallions Fish sauce Cucumbers Salt Garlic
Sauerkraut Dill Cabbage Salt

Proportional set circles, drawn only where overlaps exist.